Quiz: Chapter 4

1. Early colonists in the Chesapeake struggled with all of the following EXCEPT

• a. Shorter life expectancy than other regions.
• b. Strange and debilitating new diseases.
• c. Land that was difficult to farm.
• d. Significantly more men than women.
• e. Lack of stable family structure.

2. What were freedom dues?

• a. Farm implements, cloths, and sometimes land given to former indentured servants.
• b. Fees paid by former criminals to start a new life in English colonies.
• c. The cost of passage for anyone moving from England to the colonies.
• d. The system that gave fifty acres of land to anyone paying the passage of workers to the Chesapeake.
• e. An agreement to work for seven years in exchange for passage to the colonies.

3. Bacon's Rebellion was triggered by

• a. New and heavy taxes in the backcountry.
• b. Land shortages and Indian policies.
• c. A severe depression in the seventeenth century.
• d. Government mismanagement.
• e. A slave uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon.

4. What was the middle passage?

• a. The middle part of a ship, in which slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas.
• b. Slave ships that were bound for the middle colonies.
• c. The cost of transporting slaves from Africa to the New World.
• d. The transatlantic journey that brought slaves to the Americas.
• e. The organized breeding of slaves in the Lower South for sale in the Upper South.

5. Slave codes had all of the following qualities EXCEPT that

• a. They were first implemented in the Carolinas.
• b. The codes differentiated slaves from servants along racial lines.
• c. They made all slaves the property of their white owners for life.
• d. They made it illegal to teach a slave to read or write.
• e. There were no provisions allowing for slaves to be freed.

6. What is Gullah?

• a. A slave language.
• b. A method of rice cultivation widely used in the Carolinas.
• c. A West African religious dance.
• d. A type of African bongo drum.
• e. A rice-based dish.

7. The Stono Rebellion was

• a. As large and devastating as Bacon's Rebellion.
• b. An example of slaves' anger at their treatment and permanent servitude.
• c. A slave revolt that erupted in New York in 1712.
• d. A labor strike by African American bricklayers, carpenters, and tanners.
• e. Successful at reversing many of the restrictive slave codes.

8. All of the following are true about early slaves EXCEPT that

• a. Early slaves were primarily men.
• b. Slaves initially worked on small, isolated farms.
• c. Some early slaves were able to buy their freedom.
• d. Slave imports continued to outnumber American-born slaves well into the late 1700s.
• e. Slaves on plantations had greater social contact with each other.

9. How did slaves adapt the Christian religion to make it their own?

• a. They rejected the notion of heaven.
• b. They conducted services in their native languages.
• c. They infused their worship with singing and dancing.
• d. They merged African gods with the Christian God.
• e. They accepted Christian scriptural interpretations for their servitude.

10. The largest social group of white Virginians were

• a. Small farmers.
• b. Plantation owners.
• c. Merchants.
• d. Indentured servants.
• e. Landless whites.

11. The early Puritans in New England lived

• a. A few years longer than their counterparts in England.
• b. Almost as long as Americans today.
• c. Barely past the age of fifty.
• d. Not more than two years in the harsh New England climate.
• e. The same number of years as their counterparts in the Chesapeake.

12. Why did New England leaders block women from retaining separate property and inheriting their husband's estates the way southern women did?

• a. They feared that the family unity would be undermined.
• b. They worried that women would hoard land needed for the region's economic development.
• c. New Englanders were concerned that property ownership would keep women from marrying.
• d. They believed the courts should handle these matters.
• e. They felt widows were well protected under their laws.

13. All of the following statements about the witchcraft hysteria and trials in Salem in the 1690s are true EXCEPT that

• a. They started when a group of teenage girls claimed that older women in town had cast spells on them.
• b. Property-owning women were often the targets.
• c. Those accused of witchcraft were never exonerated.
• d. The witchcraft hysteria was driven by growing social and religious tension.
• e. Twenty people and two dogs were executed as witches.

14. How did New England settlers' ideas about land differ from those of Indians they encountered?

• a. The Indians did not believe land could be privately owned.
• b. The English believed in staying in one place until the soil was depleted, then moving on.
• c. The Indians used the land for farming, while the English wanted it for livestock.
• d. New England colonists built their economy around staple crops.
• e. The English relied on slave labor to help develop New England colonies.

15. Which of the following geographic features most contributed to New England settlers seeking new land in the west?

• a. Cold climate.
• b. Large forests.
• c. Access to waterways.
• d. Sterile soil.
• e. Stony coastlines.

16. What was NOT a difference between southern and New England society?

• a. Southerners depended on African slaves, while the New England climate made slave owning impractical.
• b. The expansion of settlements in the Chesapeake region was random, but New England society grew in an orderly fashion.
• c. Southern life revolved around the plantation; life in New England revolved around the church and community.
• d. Southerners emphasized farming over all other pursuits, while New Englanders viewed education as essential.
• e. Southerners' devotion to religion decreased over time, while New Englanders remained devout throughout the colonial period.