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Chapter 3 Vocabulary

Calvinism: Calvinism is a Protestant theological system developed by John Calvin during the Reformation. It emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Bible, and the concept of predestination, which states that God has already determined who will be saved.
Predestination: Predestination is a theological doctrine within Calvinism that teaches that God has already decided the fate of individuals, including whether they will be saved or damned, before they are born and without regard to their actions.
Conversion: Conversion refers to the religious experience or process in which an individual undergoes a significant change in beliefs or faith. It often involves a turning point towards a new religious conviction.
Puritans: The Puritans were a group of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England from what they considered to be remnants of Roman Catholic practices. They played a major role in the settlement and early history of New England.
Separatists: Separatists were a group of Puritans who believed that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed from within. As a result, they separated from the established church and formed their own congregations.
Mayflower Compact: The Mayflower Compact was a document created by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower ship in 1620. It established a basic form of government and a social contract for the Plymouth Colony, marking an important step toward self-governance in the New World.
Massachusetts Bay Colony: The Massachusetts Bay Colony was a British settlement established by the Puritans in 1630 in present-day Massachusetts. It was one of the most successful and influential colonies in New England, known for its strong religious and political institutions.
Great Migration: The Great Migration was a period in the early 17th century when thousands of English Puritans emigrated to the New World, particularly to the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other New England settlements, seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities.
Antinomianism: Antinomianism was a theological belief that emerged in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, particularly associated with Anne Hutchinson. It challenged the notion that strict adherence to religious laws (nomos) was necessary for salvation, leading to controversy and heresy trials.
Fundamental Orders: The Fundamental Orders were adopted in 1639 and served as the first written constitution in the American colonies. It was established by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley and outlined the framework of government for the Connecticut Colony.
Pequot War: The Pequot War was a conflict that took place in 1637 between English settlers and the Pequot tribe in present-day Connecticut. The war resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe and furthered English control over the region.
King Philip's War: King Philip's War, also known as Metacom's War, occurred from 1675 to 1678 and was a conflict between Native American tribes, led by Metacom (King Philip), and English colonists in New England. The war resulted in significant losses on both sides and changed the demographics and colonial policy in the region.
English Civil War: The English Civil War was a series of conflicts that took place in the mid-17th century between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers). The war culminated in the execution of King Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell.
Dominion of New England: The Dominion of New England was a centralized British government imposed on the New England colonies in 1686. It aimed to increase royal control over the colonies and enforce the Navigation Acts, but it was dissolved in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution.
Navigation Laws: The Navigation Laws were a series of British regulations and trade restrictions imposed on the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries. The laws aimed to ensure that colonial trade primarily benefited the British economy, even if it limited economic opportunities for the colonies.
Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution: The Glorious Revolution was the overthrow of King James II of England in 1688 by a group of English Parliamentarians and William of Orange, the Dutch stadtholder who became King William III. It resulted in limited constitutional monarchy and increased parliamentary power in England.
Salutary Neglect: Salutary Neglect was a British policy of loosely enforcing colonial trade regulations in the American colonies during the early 18th century. This lack of strict enforcement allowed the colonies to develop more autonomous governing systems and fostered a sense of independence.
Patroonships: Patroonships were land grants in the Dutch colonies of North America that allowed individuals, known as patroons, to establish large estates. These patroons were granted significant powers over the land and the settlers living on it, creating a semi-feudal system.
Blue Laws: Blue Laws were a set of laws enacted by various colonies and states in colonial America that regulated moral behavior, particularly on Sundays. These laws often prohibited certain activities such as shopping, drinking, or working on the Sabbath.